Some VHF and UHF FM radios purchased for use in the amateur radio service can also be programmed to communicate on frequencies used for the land mobile service. Under what conditions is this permissible?

To transmit on land mobile frequencies (commercial bands), the radio equipment must be specifically certified (type-accepted) by Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) Canada for that exact service, and the station must be properly licensed for it. Amateur radio equipment is generally not certified for commercial use. An amateur radio operator certificate does not grant any privileges outside of the designated amateur bands. Operating in remote areas, keeping the power output low, or holding a Restricted Operator's Certificate does not bypass the strict hardware certification and licensing requirements of the land mobile service.