Under what circumstances can a person who does NOT have an Amateur Radio Operator Certificate operate an amateur radio station?

An uncertified person may legally operate an amateur radio station only if a properly certified amateur operator is physically present and actively supervising the operation. The certified amateur maintains absolute control of the station to ensure all regulations are followed. Physical presence is mandatory, meaning supervision over the telephone or via a remote internet link is not legally permitted for uncertified operators. Other options are incorrect because holding a commercial or maritime radio licence does not grant amateur radio privileges, nor does simply being enrolled in an amateur radio course.