What is the approximate bandwidth of a frequency modulated signal using 5 kHz deviation?

The bandwidth of a Frequency Modulated (FM) signal is estimated using Carson's Rule, which states that Bandwidth = 2 × (Peak Deviation + Maximum Modulating Frequency). For standard amateur FM voice communications, the maximum modulating (audio) frequency is typically filtered to be around 3 kHz. If the peak deviation is set to 5 kHz, the calculation is 2 × (5 kHz + 3 kHz) = 16 kHz. Because the calculated bandwidth is 16 kHz, it falls clearly into the range between 10 kHz and 20 kHz. This is why standard 2-meter FM channels are typically spaced 15 to 20 kHz apart.