If an electromagnetic wave leaves an antenna vertically polarized and reaches the receiving location by ground wave, what will be its final polarization?

Ground waves travel directly along the surface of the Earth. Unlike skywaves that bounce off the ionosphere and often have their polarization twisted or scrambled, ground waves maintain their original polarization as they propagate. Because the electromagnetic wave leaves the transmitting antenna with vertical polarization and travels as a ground wave, it does not undergo the unpredictable rotation caused by the ionosphere. Therefore, it will arrive at the receiving location still vertically polarized. Furthermore, vertically polarized waves are exclusively used for ground-wave communication because horizontally polarized waves are quickly short-circuited and absorbed by the Earth's surface.