Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a Zener diode?

A Zener diode is represented by a standard diode symbol—a triangle pointing to a line—but with a distinct modification. The straight cathode line has bent or angled ends, making it look slightly like the letter 'Z'. In Figure G7-1, Symbol 5 perfectly matches this description. Zener diodes are specifically designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region to regulate voltage. It is important to look closely at the cathode bar, as standard diodes have a plain straight line, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) feature additional outward-pointing arrows.