How is a parasitic antenna element energized?

In a directional multi-element antenna, such as a Yagi, there are two main types of elements: driven elements and parasitic elements. The driven element is connected directly to the transmission line and receives power straight from the transmitter. Parasitic elements, which include directors and reflectors, have no direct electrical or physical connection to the feedline or the driven element. Instead, they are energized purely by capturing electromagnetic energy radiated or induced across free space by the driven element. Once energized, the parasitic element re-radiates this energy. The interaction between the fields of the driven and parasitic elements alters the overall radiation pattern, creating gain and directivity. Options suggesting direct physical connections misunderstand the fundamental 'parasitic' nature of these components.