What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?

Figure E7-3 represents a classic inverting operational amplifier circuit. The formula for the voltage gain of an inverting op-amp is Av = -RF / R1. First, calculate the gain: -10,000 ohms / 1,000 ohms = -10. This means the amplifier will multiply the input voltage by 10 and invert its polarity. Next, multiply the input voltage by the gain: 0.23 volts * -10 = -2.3 volts. Because the input is applied to the inverting (-) terminal, the output voltage must be negative.