What hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly?

When a battery is charged or discharged too rapidly, its internal electrical resistance generates excess heat. This can cause the battery to become dangerously hot, potentially leading to a fire or permanent damage to the cells. Additionally, rapid charging or discharging accelerates internal chemical reactions, which can result in the release of explosive or toxic gases. This process, known as out-gassing, is particularly dangerous in sealed or poorly ventilated areas due to the risk of explosion. The incorrect options are unrelated to battery chemistry. "Excess output ripple" and "half-wave rectification" are concepts associated with AC-to-DC power supplies, while "inverse memory effect" is a fabricated term.