An oscilloscope measures 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output during unmodulated carrier conditions. What would an average-reading power meter indicate under the same transmitter conditions?

During unmodulated carrier conditions, the average power is exactly equal to the Peak Envelope Power (PEP). You can find this power using the formula P = (Vp-p)^2 / (8 * R). First, square the peak-to-peak voltage: 500^2 equals 250,000. Next, multiply the 50 ohm resistance by 8 to get 400. Dividing 250,000 by 400 gives an average power of 625 watts. You can also calculate this by converting peak-to-peak voltage to RMS voltage. The peak voltage is half of 500V, which is 250V. The RMS voltage is 250V * 0.707 = 176.7V. Using the standard power formula (V^2 / R), squaring 176.7V and dividing by 50 ohms gives 625 watts.